Input Parameters

Select method and enter pipe/fluid parameters

Method Selection Guide

  • Darcy-Weisbach: Most accurate, works for all fluids and flow regimes
  • Hazen-Williams: Simpler, for water at typical temperatures only

Results

Enter values and click Calculate to see results

Typical Pipe Roughness Values

Pipe Material Roughness (ft) Roughness (mm)
PVC / Plastic0.0000050.0015
Stainless Steel0.00010.03
Commercial Steel0.000150.046
Cast Iron0.00050.15
Galvanized Iron0.000850.26
Concrete0.0010.3

Formula Reference

Darcy-Weisbach Equation

h_f = f * (L/D) * (V^2 / 2g) Where: h_f = Head loss (ft) f = Darcy friction factor (dimensionless) L = Pipe length (ft) D = Pipe diameter (ft) V = Flow velocity (ft/s) g = Gravitational acceleration (32.174 ft/s2) Pressure Drop: dP = rho * g * h_f

Friction Factor (Colebrook-White Equation)

1/sqrt(f) = -2 * log10( (epsilon/D)/3.7 + 2.51/(Re*sqrt(f)) ) Solved iteratively or approximated using Swamee-Jain: f = 0.25 / [ log10( epsilon/(3.7*D) + 5.74/Re^0.9 ) ]^2

Hazen-Williams Equation (US Units)

h_f = 10.67 * L * Q^1.852 / (C^1.852 * D^4.87) Where: h_f = Head loss (ft) L = Pipe length (ft) Q = Flow rate (ft3/s) C = Hazen-Williams coefficient D = Pipe diameter (ft)

Reynolds Number

Re = V * D / nu Where: Re = Reynolds number (dimensionless) V = Flow velocity (ft/s) D = Pipe diameter (ft) nu = Kinematic viscosity (ft2/s) Flow Regime: Re < 2300: Laminar 2300 < Re < 4000: Transitional Re > 4000: Turbulent